operators refactoring

0-source/Just.PreciseMath/DDMath.Exp.cs

@@ -1,46 +0,0 @@
-namespace Just.PreciseMath;
-
-public static partial class DDMath
-{
-    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Exp"/>
-    [Pure]
-    public static DoubleDouble Exp(DoubleDouble value)
-    {
-        return DoubleDouble.Exp(value);
-    }
-
-    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Exp2"/>
-    [Pure]
-    public static DoubleDouble Exp2(DoubleDouble value)
-    {
-        return DoubleDouble.Exp2(value);
-    }
-
-    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Exp10"/>
-    [Pure]
-    public static DoubleDouble Exp10(DoubleDouble value)
-    {
-        return DoubleDouble.Exp10(value);
-    }
-
-    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.ExpM1"/>
-    [Pure]
-    public static DoubleDouble ExpM1(DoubleDouble value)
-    {
-        return DoubleDouble.ExpM1(value);
-    }
-
-    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Exp2M1"/>
-    [Pure]
-    public static DoubleDouble Exp2M1(DoubleDouble value)
-    {
-        return DoubleDouble.Exp2M1(value);
-    }
-
-    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Exp10M1"/>
-    [Pure]
-    public static DoubleDouble Exp10M1(DoubleDouble value)
-    {
-        return DoubleDouble.Exp10M1(value);
-    }
-}

0-source/Just.PreciseMath/DDMath.cs

@@ -1,70 +0,0 @@
-namespace Just.PreciseMath;
-
-/// <summary>Provides mathematical functions for normalized double-double values.</summary>
-/// <remarks>Results use fixed-size double-double precision, not arbitrary precision.</remarks>
-public static partial class DDMath
-{
-    /// <summary>Returns the absolute value without discarding the low component.</summary>
-    /// <remarks>Both signs of zero become positive zero; NaN is canonicalized and either infinity becomes positive infinity.</remarks>
-    [Pure]
-    public static DoubleDouble Abs(DoubleDouble value)
-    {
-        return DoubleDouble.Abs(value);
-    }
-
-    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Square"/>
-    [Pure]
-    public static DoubleDouble Square(DoubleDouble value)
-    {
-        return DoubleDouble.Square(value);
-    }
-
-    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Reciprocal"/>
-    [Pure]
-    public static DoubleDouble Reciprocal(DoubleDouble value)
-    {
-        return DoubleDouble.Reciprocal(value);
-    }
-
-    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Cbrt"/>
-    [Pure]
-    public static DoubleDouble Cbrt(DoubleDouble value)
-    {
-        return DoubleDouble.Cbrt(value);
-    }
-
-    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Hypot(DoubleDouble, DoubleDouble)"/>
-    [Pure]
-    public static DoubleDouble Hypot(DoubleDouble x, DoubleDouble y)
-    {
-        return DoubleDouble.Hypot(x, y);
-    }
-
-    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Hypot(DoubleDouble, DoubleDouble, DoubleDouble)"/>
-    [Pure]
-    public static DoubleDouble Hypot(DoubleDouble x, DoubleDouble y, DoubleDouble z)
-    {
-        return DoubleDouble.Hypot(x, y, z);
-    }
-
-    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.RootN"/>
-    [Pure]
-    public static DoubleDouble RootN(DoubleDouble value, int n)
-    {
-        return DoubleDouble.RootN(value, n);
-    }
-
-    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Sqrt"/>
-    [Pure]
-    public static DoubleDouble Sqrt(DoubleDouble value)
-    {
-        return DoubleDouble.Sqrt(value);
-    }
-
-    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.InvSqrt"/>
-    [Pure]
-    public static DoubleDouble InvSqrt(DoubleDouble value)
-    {
-        return DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(value);
-    }
-}

0-source/Just.PreciseMath/DoubleDouble.Arithmetic.cs

@@ -44,13 +44,13 @@ public readonly partial struct DoubleDouble :
     }
 
     /// <summary>Returns the operand unchanged.</summary>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator +(DoubleDouble value)
+    public static DoubleDouble Plus(DoubleDouble value)
     {
         return value;
     }
 
     /// <summary>Negates the value, including the high zero's sign, retaining canonical NaN and zero residuals.</summary>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator -(DoubleDouble value)
+    public static DoubleDouble Negate(DoubleDouble value)
     {
         // Negation preserves normalization; only NaN and zero residuals need canonicalization.
         return new DoubleDouble(double.IsNaN(value._high) ? double.NaN : -value._high,
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ public readonly partial struct DoubleDouble :
     }
 
     /// <summary>Adds normalized expansions, retaining low-sum residuals under cancellation.</summary>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator +(DoubleDouble left, DoubleDouble right)
+    public static DoubleDouble Add(DoubleDouble left, DoubleDouble right)
     {
         if (!IsFinite(left) || !IsFinite(right) || (left._high == 0.0 && right._high == 0.0))
         {
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ public readonly partial struct DoubleDouble :
     }
 
     /// <summary>Subtracts normalized expansions.</summary>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator -(DoubleDouble left, DoubleDouble right)
+    public static DoubleDouble Subtract(DoubleDouble left, DoubleDouble right)
     {
         if (!IsFinite(left) || !IsFinite(right) || (left._high == 0.0 && right._high == 0.0))
         {
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ public readonly partial struct DoubleDouble :
     /// Swapping operands preserves both result components bit-for-bit.
     /// Results are approximate double-double values, not universally correctly rounded.
     /// </remarks>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator *(DoubleDouble left, DoubleDouble right)
+    public static DoubleDouble Multiply(DoubleDouble left, DoubleDouble right)
     {
         if (!IsFinite(left) || !IsFinite(right) || left._high == 0.0 || right._high == 0.0)
         {
@@ -127,7 +127,7 @@ public readonly partial struct DoubleDouble :
 
     /// <summary>Divides expansions using a quotient estimate and two residual corrections.</summary>
     /// <remarks>Zero and nonfinite operands follow binary64 rules; precision decreases near underflow.</remarks>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator /(DoubleDouble left, DoubleDouble right)
+    public static DoubleDouble Divide(DoubleDouble left, DoubleDouble right)
     {
         if (!IsFinite(left) || !IsFinite(right) || left._high == 0.0 || right._high == 0.0)
         {
@@ -159,35 +159,35 @@ public readonly partial struct DoubleDouble :
 
     /// <summary>Applies the expansion operation without discarding the low component.</summary>
     /// <remarks>Preserves the component bits of addition with the equivalent zero-low scalar expansion.</remarks>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator +(DoubleDouble left, double right)
+    public static DoubleDouble Add(DoubleDouble left, double right)
     {
         return PreciseMathHelper.AddScalar(left._high, left._low, right);
     }
 
     /// <summary>Applies the expansion operation without discarding the low component.</summary>
     /// <remarks>Preserves the component bits of addition with the equivalent zero-low scalar expansion.</remarks>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator +(double left, DoubleDouble right)
+    public static DoubleDouble Add(double left, DoubleDouble right)
     {
-        return right + left;
+        return Add(right, left);
     }
 
     /// <summary>Applies the expansion operation without discarding the low component.</summary>
     /// <remarks>Preserves the component bits of subtraction with the equivalent zero-low scalar expansion.</remarks>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator -(DoubleDouble left, double right)
+    public static DoubleDouble Subtract(DoubleDouble left, double right)
     {
         return PreciseMathHelper.AddScalar(left._high, left._low, -right);
     }
 
     /// <summary>Applies the expansion operation without discarding the low component.</summary>
     /// <remarks>Preserves the component bits of subtraction with the equivalent zero-low scalar expansion.</remarks>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator -(double left, DoubleDouble right)
+    public static DoubleDouble Subtract(double left, DoubleDouble right)
     {
         // Negate the components, not the result: exact cancellation must yield +0.
         return PreciseMathHelper.AddScalar(-right._high, -right._low, left);
     }
 
     /// <summary>Applies the expansion operation without discarding the low component.</summary>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator *(DoubleDouble left, double right)
+    public static DoubleDouble Multiply(DoubleDouble left, double right)
     {
         if (!IsFinite(left) || !double.IsFinite(right) || left._high == 0.0 || right == 0.0)
         {
@@ -207,14 +207,14 @@ public readonly partial struct DoubleDouble :
     }
 
     /// <summary>Applies the expansion operation without discarding the low component.</summary>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator *(double left, DoubleDouble right)
+    public static DoubleDouble Multiply(double left, DoubleDouble right)
     {
-        return right * left;
+        return Multiply(right, left);
     }
 
     /// <summary>Divides by a scalar using a quotient estimate and two residual corrections.</summary>
     /// <remarks>Preserves the component bits of division by the equivalent zero-low expansion.</remarks>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator /(DoubleDouble left, double right)
+    public static DoubleDouble Divide(DoubleDouble left, double right)
     {
         if (!IsFinite(left) || !double.IsFinite(right) || left._high == 0.0 || right == 0.0)
         {
@@ -246,7 +246,7 @@ public readonly partial struct DoubleDouble :
 
     /// <summary>Divides a scalar using a quotient estimate and two residual corrections.</summary>
     /// <remarks>Preserves the component bits of division with the equivalent zero-low numerator.</remarks>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator /(double left, DoubleDouble right)
+    public static DoubleDouble Divide(double left, DoubleDouble right)
     {
         if (!double.IsFinite(left) || !IsFinite(right) || left == 0.0 || right._high == 0.0)
         {

0-source/Just.PreciseMath/DoubleDouble.Log.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Just.PreciseMath;
 
-public static partial class DDMath
+public readonly partial struct DoubleDouble
 {
     /// <summary>Returns the natural logarithm of a double-double value.</summary>
     /// <remarks>
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ public static partial class DDMath
     {
         if (double.IsNaN(value.High) || value.High < 0.0)
         {
-            return DoubleDouble.NaN;
+            return NaN;
         }
         if (value.High == 0.0)
         {
@@ -27,9 +27,9 @@ public static partial class DDMath
         {
             return value;
         }
-        if (value == DoubleDouble.One)
+        if (value == One)
         {
-            return DoubleDouble.Zero;
+            return Zero;
         }
         return LogPositiveFinite(value);
     }
@@ -49,9 +49,9 @@ public static partial class DDMath
         }
 
         int exponent = Math.ILogB(value.High);
-        DoubleDouble mantissa = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(Math.ScaleB(value.High, -exponent),
+        DoubleDouble mantissa = FromComponents(Math.ScaleB(value.High, -exponent),
             Math.ScaleB(value.Low, -exponent));
-        if (mantissa.High > DoubleDouble.Sqrt2.High)
+        if (mantissa.High > Sqrt2.High)
         {
             mantissa *= 0.5;
             ++exponent;
@@ -72,6 +72,6 @@ public static partial class DDMath
         }
         // log(m) = 2*atanh(t). The omitted series tail is bounded by
         // 2*|t|^51/(51*(1-t^2)); rounding, not truncation, dominates.
-        return (sum * 2.0) + (DoubleDouble.Ln2 * exponent);
+        return (sum * 2.0) + (Ln2 * exponent);
     }
 }

0-source/Just.PreciseMath/DoubleDouble.NumberBase.cs

@@ -86,18 +86,6 @@ public readonly partial struct DoubleDouble
         return IsNaN(y) ? x : MinMagnitude(x, y);
     }
 
-    /// <summary>Adds one using double-double arithmetic, including its overflow and nonfinite behavior.</summary>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator ++(DoubleDouble value)
-    {
-        return value + 1.0;
-    }
-
-    /// <summary>Subtracts one using double-double arithmetic, including its overflow and nonfinite behavior.</summary>
-    public static DoubleDouble operator --(DoubleDouble value)
-    {
-        return value - 1.0;
-    }
-
     /// <summary>Tests normalization and canonical NaN and zero-residual bit patterns.</summary>
     public static bool IsCanonical(DoubleDouble value)
     {

0-source/Just.PreciseMath/DoubleDouble.Operators.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+namespace Just.PreciseMath;
+
+public readonly partial struct DoubleDouble
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="Plus"/>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator +(DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return Plus(value);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="Negate"/>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator -(DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return Negate(value);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="Add(DoubleDouble, DoubleDouble)"/>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator +(DoubleDouble left, DoubleDouble right)
+    {
+        return Add(left, right);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="Subtract(DoubleDouble, DoubleDouble)"/>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator -(DoubleDouble left, DoubleDouble right)
+    {
+        return Subtract(left, right);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="Multiply(DoubleDouble, DoubleDouble)"/>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator *(DoubleDouble left, DoubleDouble right)
+    {
+        return Multiply(left, right);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="Divide(DoubleDouble, DoubleDouble)"/>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator /(DoubleDouble left, DoubleDouble right)
+    {
+        return Divide(left, right);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="Add(DoubleDouble, double)"/>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator +(DoubleDouble left, double right)
+    {
+        return Add(left, right);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="Add(double, DoubleDouble)"/>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator +(double left, DoubleDouble right)
+    {
+        return Add(left, right);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="Subtract(DoubleDouble, double)"/>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator -(DoubleDouble left, double right)
+    {
+        return Subtract(left, right);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="Subtract(double, DoubleDouble)"/>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator -(double left, DoubleDouble right)
+    {
+        return Subtract(left, right);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="Multiply(DoubleDouble, double)"/>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator *(DoubleDouble left, double right)
+    {
+        return Multiply(left, right);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="Multiply(double, DoubleDouble)"/>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator *(double left, DoubleDouble right)
+    {
+        return Multiply(left, right);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="Divide(DoubleDouble, double)"/>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator /(DoubleDouble left, double right)
+    {
+        return Divide(left, right);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="Divide(double, DoubleDouble)"/>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator /(double left, DoubleDouble right)
+    {
+        return Divide(left, right);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Adds one using double-double arithmetic, including its overflow and nonfinite behavior.</summary>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator ++(DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return Add(value, 1.0);
+    }
+
+    /// <summary>Subtracts one using double-double arithmetic, including its overflow and nonfinite behavior.</summary>
+    public static DoubleDouble operator --(DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return Subtract(value, 1.0);
+    }
+}

0-source/Just.PreciseMath/DoubleDouble.Pow.cs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 namespace Just.PreciseMath;
 
-public static partial class DDMath
+public readonly partial struct DoubleDouble
 {
     /// <summary>Raises a double-double value to an integer power.</summary>
     /// <remarks>
@@ -21,11 +21,11 @@ public static partial class DDMath
     {
         if (exponent == 0)
         {
-            return DoubleDouble.One;
+            return One;
         }
         if (double.IsNaN(value.High))
         {
-            return DoubleDouble.NaN;
+            return NaN;
         }
         if (exponent == 1)
         {
@@ -43,10 +43,10 @@ public static partial class DDMath
         // Widen BEFORE negation: abs(int.MinValue) is not an int.
         long remaining = exponent < 0 ? -(long)exponent : exponent;
         long factorExponent = Math.ILogB(value.High);
-        DoubleDouble factor = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(
+        DoubleDouble factor = FromComponents(
             Math.ScaleB(Math.Abs(value.High), -(int)factorExponent),
             Math.ScaleB(value.High < 0.0 ? -value.Low : value.Low, -(int)factorExponent));
-        DoubleDouble result = DoubleDouble.One;
+        DoubleDouble result = One;
         long resultExponent = 0;
         while (remaining != 0)
         {
@@ -105,35 +105,35 @@ public static partial class DDMath
     [Pure]
     public static DoubleDouble Pow(DoubleDouble value, DoubleDouble exponent)
     {
-        if (DoubleDouble.IsZero(exponent) || value == DoubleDouble.One)
+        if (IsZero(exponent) || value == One)
         {
-            return DoubleDouble.One;
+            return One;
         }
-        if (DoubleDouble.IsNaN(value) || DoubleDouble.IsNaN(exponent))
+        if (IsNaN(value) || IsNaN(exponent))
         {
-            return DoubleDouble.NaN;
+            return NaN;
         }
 
-        DoubleDouble magnitude = DoubleDouble.Abs(value);
+        DoubleDouble magnitude = Abs(value);
-        if (DoubleDouble.IsInfinity(exponent))
+        if (IsInfinity(exponent))
         {
-            if (magnitude == DoubleDouble.One)
+            if (magnitude == One)
             {
-                return DoubleDouble.One;
+                return One;
             }
-            bool grows = (magnitude > DoubleDouble.One) == (exponent.High > 0.0);
+            bool grows = (magnitude > One) == (exponent.High > 0.0);
-            return grows ? new DoubleDouble(double.PositiveInfinity) : DoubleDouble.Zero;
+            return grows ? new DoubleDouble(double.PositiveInfinity) : Zero;
         }
 
-        bool integer = DoubleDouble.IsInteger(exponent);
+        bool integer = IsInteger(exponent);
         if (integer && exponent.High >= int.MinValue && exponent.High <= int.MaxValue)
         {
             // A normalized integer in this range has a zero low component.
             // Reuse the integer algorithm, including exact identities and ties.
             return Pow(value, (int)exponent.High);
         }
-        bool negative = double.IsNegative(value.High) && DoubleDouble.IsOddInteger(exponent);
+        bool negative = double.IsNegative(value.High) && IsOddInteger(exponent);
-        if (value.High == 0.0 || DoubleDouble.IsInfinity(value))
+        if (value.High == 0.0 || IsInfinity(value))
         {
             bool infinite = (value.High == 0.0) == (exponent.High < 0.0);
             double result = infinite ? double.PositiveInfinity : 0.0;
@@ -141,11 +141,11 @@ public static partial class DDMath
         }
         if (value.High < 0.0 && !integer)
         {
-            return DoubleDouble.NaN;
+            return NaN;
         }
-        if (magnitude == DoubleDouble.One)
+        if (magnitude == One)
         {
-            return negative ? DoubleDouble.NegativeOne : DoubleDouble.One;
+            return negative ? NegativeOne : One;
         }
         DoubleDouble resultMagnitude = Exp(exponent * LogPositiveFinite(magnitude));
         return negative ? -resultMagnitude : resultMagnitude;
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ public static partial class DDMath
         // int.MinValue times any finite input's binary64 exponent.
         int adjustment = Math.ILogB(value.High);
         exponent += adjustment;
-        return DoubleDouble.FromComponents(Math.ScaleB(value.High, -adjustment),
+        return FromComponents(Math.ScaleB(value.High, -adjustment),
             Math.ScaleB(value.Low, -adjustment));
     }
 }

0-source/Just.PreciseMath/DoubleDouble.RootFunctions.cs

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ public readonly partial struct DoubleDouble : IRootFunctions<DoubleDouble>
             case 1:
                 return value;
             case -1:
-                return DDMath.Reciprocal(value);
+                return Reciprocal(value);
             case 2:
                 return Sqrt(value);
             case -2:

0-source/Just.PreciseMath/DoubleDoubleExtensions.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,128 @@
+namespace Just.PreciseMath;
+
+/// <summary>Provides instance-style calls to the static DoubleDouble mathematical functions.</summary>
+/// <remarks>
+/// Every extension returns a new result without modifying its receiver. Extensions
+/// forward directly to DoubleDouble, retaining its numerical and special-value contracts.
+/// </remarks>
+public static class DoubleDoubleExtensions
+{
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Abs(DoubleDouble)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble Abs(this DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.Abs(value);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Square(DoubleDouble)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble Square(this DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.Square(value);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Reciprocal(DoubleDouble)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble Reciprocal(this DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.Reciprocal(value);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Sqrt(DoubleDouble)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble Sqrt(this DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.Sqrt(value);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(DoubleDouble)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble InvSqrt(this DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(value);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Cbrt(DoubleDouble)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble Cbrt(this DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.Cbrt(value);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Exp(DoubleDouble)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble Exp(this DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.Exp(value);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Exp2(DoubleDouble)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble Exp2(this DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.Exp2(value);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Exp10(DoubleDouble)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble Exp10(this DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.Exp10(value);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.ExpM1(DoubleDouble)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble ExpM1(this DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.ExpM1(value);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Exp2M1(DoubleDouble)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble Exp2M1(this DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.Exp2M1(value);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Exp10M1(DoubleDouble)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble Exp10M1(this DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.Exp10M1(value);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Log(DoubleDouble)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble Log(this DoubleDouble value)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.Log(value);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.RootN(DoubleDouble, int)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble RootN(this DoubleDouble value, int n)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.RootN(value, n);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Pow(DoubleDouble, int)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble Pow(this DoubleDouble value, int exponent)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.Pow(value, exponent);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Pow(DoubleDouble, double)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble Pow(this DoubleDouble value, double exponent)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.Pow(value, exponent);
+    }
+
+    /// <inheritdoc cref="DoubleDouble.Pow(DoubleDouble, DoubleDouble)"/>
+    [Pure]
+    public static DoubleDouble Pow(this DoubleDouble value, DoubleDouble exponent)
+    {
+        return DoubleDouble.Pow(value, exponent);
+    }
+}

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/DoubleDoubleArithmeticTests.cs

@@ -2,6 +2,55 @@ namespace Just.PreciseMath.Tests;
 
 public class DoubleDoubleArithmeticTests
 {
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("+")]
+    [InlineData("-")]
+    [InlineData("*")]
+    [InlineData("/")]
+    public void NamedArithmeticMatchesOperatorComponentBits(string operation)
+    {
+        // Compatibility, not an accuracy oracle. The existing rational tests
+        // independently validate the kernels reached through these operators.
+        DoubleDouble[] values = MultiplicationCommutativityCases();
+        foreach (DoubleDouble left in values)
+        {
+            foreach (DoubleDouble right in values)
+            {
+                (DoubleDouble actual, DoubleDouble expected)[] pairs = operation switch
+                {
+                    "+" => [(DoubleDouble.Add(left, right), left + right),
+                        (DoubleDouble.Add(left, right.High), left + right.High),
+                        (DoubleDouble.Add(left.High, right), left.High + right)],
+                    "-" => [(DoubleDouble.Subtract(left, right), left - right),
+                        (DoubleDouble.Subtract(left, right.High), left - right.High),
+                        (DoubleDouble.Subtract(left.High, right), left.High - right)],
+                    "*" => [(DoubleDouble.Multiply(left, right), left * right),
+                        (DoubleDouble.Multiply(left, right.High), left * right.High),
+                        (DoubleDouble.Multiply(left.High, right), left.High * right)],
+                    "/" => [(DoubleDouble.Divide(left, right), left / right),
+                        (DoubleDouble.Divide(left, right.High), left / right.High),
+                        (DoubleDouble.Divide(left.High, right), left.High / right)],
+                    _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(operation))
+                };
+                foreach ((DoubleDouble actual, DoubleDouble expected) in pairs)
+                {
+                    CheckBoundary(actual, expected.High, expected.Low);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void NamedUnaryArithmeticMatchesOperatorComponentBits()
+    {
+        foreach (DoubleDouble value in MultiplicationCommutativityCases())
+        {
+            CheckBoundary(DoubleDouble.Plus(value), value.High, value.Low);
+            DoubleDouble negated = -value;
+            CheckBoundary(DoubleDouble.Negate(value), negated.High, negated.Low);
+        }
+    }
+
     [Theory]
     [InlineData(6.0, 2.0, 8.0, 4.0, 12.0, 3.0)]
     [InlineData(-6.0, 2.0, -4.0, -8.0, -12.0, -3.0)]
@@ -1050,7 +1099,7 @@ public class DoubleDoubleArithmeticTests
         foreach (double sign in new[] { -1.0, 1.0 })
         {
             CheckBoundary(DoubleDouble.Square(sign * below), Math.BitDecrement(highSquared), Math.ScaleB(1.0, (2 * exponent) - 108));
-            CheckBoundary(DDMath.Square(sign * above), Math.BitIncrement(highSquared), Math.ScaleB(1.0, (2 * exponent) - 106));
+            CheckBoundary(DoubleDouble.Square(sign * above), Math.BitIncrement(highSquared), Math.ScaleB(1.0, (2 * exponent) - 106));
         }
     }
 
@@ -1060,7 +1109,6 @@ public class DoubleDoubleArithmeticTests
         foreach (double value in new[] { 0.0, -0.0, double.NaN, double.PositiveInfinity, double.NegativeInfinity })
         {
             CheckBits(DoubleDouble.Square(new DoubleDouble(value)), value * value);
-            CheckBits(DDMath.Square(new DoubleDouble(value)), value * value);
         }
         for (int exponent = -1074; exponent <= 1023; exponent++)
         {
@@ -1139,7 +1187,6 @@ public class DoubleDoubleArithmeticTests
             DoubleDouble.IsZero(actual).ShouldBe((numerator << 1) <= denominator);
         }
         CheckBoundary(DoubleDouble.Square(-value), actual.High, actual.Low);
-        CheckBoundary(DDMath.Square(value), actual.High, actual.Low);
     }
 
     private static DoubleDouble[] MultiplicationCommutativityCases()

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/DoubleDoubleCbrtTests.cs

@@ -36,7 +36,6 @@ public class DoubleDoubleCbrtTests
                 {
                     AssertBound(input, DoubleDouble.Cbrt(input));
                     AssertBound(-input, DoubleDouble.Cbrt(-input));
-                    AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Cbrt(input), DDMath.Cbrt(input));
                 }
             }
         }

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/DoubleDoubleExponentialFunctionsTests.cs

@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ public class DoubleDoubleExponentialFunctionsTests
         DoubleDouble actual = Evaluate(operation, input);
         DoubleDouble.IsCanonical(actual).ShouldBeTrue();
         AssertBits(actual, EvaluateGeneric(operation, input));
-        AssertBits(actual, EvaluateFacade(operation, input));
         if (overflow)
         {
             AssertBits(DoubleDouble.PositiveInfinity, actual);
@@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ public class DoubleDoubleExponentialFunctionsTests
     }
 
     [Fact]
-    public void NaturalExponentialIsAvailableOnTheTypeAndMatchesFacadeBits()
+    public void NaturalExponentialMatchesGenericDispatchBits()
     {
         DoubleDouble[] values = [DoubleDouble.Zero, DoubleDouble.NegativeZero,
             DoubleDouble.NaN, DoubleDouble.PositiveInfinity, DoubleDouble.NegativeInfinity,
@@ -65,7 +64,7 @@ public class DoubleDoubleExponentialFunctionsTests
             new(double.MaxValue), DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, Math.ScaleB(1.0, -1000))];
         foreach (DoubleDouble value in values)
         {
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Exp(value), DoubleDouble.Exp(value));
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Exp(value), EvaluateGeneric("Exp", value));
         }
     }
 
@@ -117,7 +116,6 @@ public class DoubleDoubleExponentialFunctionsTests
             DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(exponent, sign * double.Epsilon);
             DoubleDouble expected = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(Math.ScaleB(1.0, exponent), sign * expectedLow);
             AssertBits(expected, DoubleDouble.Exp2(input));
-            AssertBits(expected, DDMath.Exp2(input));
         }
     }
 
@@ -128,7 +126,7 @@ public class DoubleDoubleExponentialFunctionsTests
     [InlineData("ExpM1")]
     [InlineData("Exp2M1")]
     [InlineData("Exp10M1")]
-    public void CompleteContractHasGenericDispatchAndThinFacade(string operation)
+    public void CompleteContractHasGenericDispatch(string operation)
     {
         bool minusOne = operation.EndsWith("M1", StringComparison.Ordinal);
         DoubleDouble[] values = [DoubleDouble.Zero, DoubleDouble.NegativeZero,
@@ -141,7 +139,6 @@ public class DoubleDoubleExponentialFunctionsTests
             DoubleDouble actual = Evaluate(operation, value);
             DoubleDouble.IsCanonical(actual).ShouldBeTrue();
             AssertBits(actual, EvaluateGeneric(operation, value));
-            AssertBits(actual, EvaluateFacade(operation, value));
             if (DoubleDouble.IsZero(value))
             {
                 AssertBits(minusOne ? value : DoubleDouble.One, actual);
@@ -189,20 +186,6 @@ public class DoubleDoubleExponentialFunctionsTests
         };
     }
 
-    private static DoubleDouble EvaluateFacade(string operation, DoubleDouble value)
-    {
-        return operation switch
-        {
-            "Exp" => DDMath.Exp(value),
-            "Exp2" => DDMath.Exp2(value),
-            "Exp10" => DDMath.Exp10(value),
-            "ExpM1" => DDMath.ExpM1(value),
-            "Exp2M1" => DDMath.Exp2M1(value),
-            "Exp10M1" => DDMath.Exp10M1(value),
-            _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(operation))
-        };
-    }
-
     private static BigInteger Units(double value)
     {
         long bits = BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(value);

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/DoubleDoubleExtensionsTests.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,165 @@
+namespace Just.PreciseMath.Tests;
+
+public class DoubleDoubleExtensionsTests
+{
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData("Abs")]
+    [InlineData("Square")]
+    [InlineData("Reciprocal")]
+    [InlineData("Sqrt")]
+    [InlineData("InvSqrt")]
+    [InlineData("Cbrt")]
+    [InlineData("Exp")]
+    [InlineData("Exp2")]
+    [InlineData("Exp10")]
+    [InlineData("ExpM1")]
+    [InlineData("Exp2M1")]
+    [InlineData("Exp10M1")]
+    [InlineData("Log")]
+    public void UnaryExtensionsPreserveStaticFunctionComponentBits(string operation)
+    {
+        // These are forwarding contracts, not accuracy oracles. The static
+        // kernels have separate independent numerical-reference tests.
+        foreach (DoubleDouble value in Values())
+        {
+            (DoubleDouble expected, DoubleDouble actual) = operation switch
+            {
+                "Abs" => (DoubleDouble.Abs(value), value.Abs()),
+                "Square" => (DoubleDouble.Square(value), value.Square()),
+                "Reciprocal" => (DoubleDouble.Reciprocal(value), value.Reciprocal()),
+                "Sqrt" => (DoubleDouble.Sqrt(value), value.Sqrt()),
+                "InvSqrt" => (DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(value), value.InvSqrt()),
+                "Cbrt" => (DoubleDouble.Cbrt(value), value.Cbrt()),
+                "Exp" => (DoubleDouble.Exp(value), value.Exp()),
+                "Exp2" => (DoubleDouble.Exp2(value), value.Exp2()),
+                "Exp10" => (DoubleDouble.Exp10(value), value.Exp10()),
+                "ExpM1" => (DoubleDouble.ExpM1(value), value.ExpM1()),
+                "Exp2M1" => (DoubleDouble.Exp2M1(value), value.Exp2M1()),
+                "Exp10M1" => (DoubleDouble.Exp10M1(value), value.Exp10M1()),
+                "Log" => (DoubleDouble.Log(value), value.Log()),
+                _ => throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(operation))
+            };
+            AssertBits(expected, actual);
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ExtensionsCanBeChainedWithoutChangingTheReceiver()
+    {
+        DoubleDouble value = new(-4.0);
+        DoubleDouble actual = value.Abs().Square().Sqrt().Reciprocal();
+        // All intermediate results are exactly representable binary powers.
+        AssertBits(new DoubleDouble(0.25), actual);
+        AssertBits(new DoubleDouble(-4.0), value);
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData(int.MinValue)]
+    [InlineData(-7)]
+    [InlineData(-2)]
+    [InlineData(-1)]
+    [InlineData(0)]
+    [InlineData(1)]
+    [InlineData(2)]
+    [InlineData(7)]
+    [InlineData(int.MaxValue)]
+    public void IntegerPowerExtensionPreservesStaticFunctionComponentBits(int exponent)
+    {
+        foreach (DoubleDouble value in Values())
+        {
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(value, exponent), value.Pow(exponent));
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ScalarPowerExtensionPreservesStaticFunctionComponentBits()
+    {
+        double[] exponents = [0.0, -0.0, 1.0, -1.0, 2.0, -2.0, 0.5, -0.5,
+            1.25, -1.25, double.Epsilon, double.MaxValue, double.MinValue,
+            double.NaN, double.PositiveInfinity, double.NegativeInfinity];
+        foreach (DoubleDouble value in Values())
+        {
+            foreach (double exponent in exponents)
+            {
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(value, exponent), value.Pow(exponent));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public void ExpansionPowerExtensionPreservesBothExponentComponents()
+    {
+        DoubleDouble[] exponents = [DoubleDouble.Zero, DoubleDouble.NegativeZero,
+            DoubleDouble.One, DoubleDouble.NegativeOne, DoubleDouble.NaN,
+            DoubleDouble.PositiveInfinity, DoubleDouble.NegativeInfinity,
+            DoubleDouble.FromComponents(0.5, Math.ScaleB(1.0, -54)),
+            DoubleDouble.FromComponents(0.5, -Math.ScaleB(1.0, -55)),
+            DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, double.Epsilon),
+            DoubleDouble.FromComponents(Math.ScaleB(1.0, 54), 1.0)];
+        foreach (DoubleDouble value in Values())
+        {
+            foreach (DoubleDouble exponent in exponents)
+            {
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(value, exponent), value.Pow(exponent));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    [Theory]
+    [InlineData(int.MinValue)]
+    [InlineData(-7)]
+    [InlineData(-3)]
+    [InlineData(-2)]
+    [InlineData(-1)]
+    [InlineData(0)]
+    [InlineData(1)]
+    [InlineData(2)]
+    [InlineData(3)]
+    [InlineData(7)]
+    [InlineData(int.MaxValue)]
+    public void RootExtensionPreservesStaticFunctionComponentBits(int degree)
+    {
+        foreach (DoubleDouble value in Values())
+        {
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.RootN(value, degree), value.RootN(degree));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static IEnumerable<DoubleDouble> Values()
+    {
+        yield return DoubleDouble.Zero;
+        yield return DoubleDouble.NegativeZero;
+        yield return DoubleDouble.NaN;
+        yield return DoubleDouble.PositiveInfinity;
+        yield return DoubleDouble.NegativeInfinity;
+        yield return new DoubleDouble(double.MaxValue);
+        yield return new DoubleDouble(double.MinValue);
+        yield return DoubleDouble.One;
+        yield return DoubleDouble.NegativeOne;
+        yield return DoubleDouble.Pi;
+        yield return -DoubleDouble.Pi;
+        // Square's dedicated kernel can differ from multiplication; near-one
+        // and sparse pairs also exercise low-component retention in roots/log.
+        yield return DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, -Math.ScaleB(1.0, -54));
+        yield return DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, double.Epsilon);
+        yield return DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, -double.Epsilon);
+        foreach (int exponent in new[] { -1074, -1022, -451, -450, -1, 0, 1, 450, 451, 1020, 1021, 1023 })
+        {
+            foreach (double sign in new[] { -1.0, 1.0 })
+            {
+                double high = Math.ScaleB(sign * 1.25, exponent);
+                double denseLow = Math.ScaleB(1.0, exponent - 54);
+                foreach (double low in new[] { 0.0, denseLow, -denseLow, double.Epsilon, -double.Epsilon })
+                {
+                    yield return DoubleDouble.FromComponents(high, low);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private static void AssertBits(DoubleDouble expected, DoubleDouble actual)
+    {
+        BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.High).ShouldBe(BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(expected.High));
+        BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.Low).ShouldBe(BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(expected.Low));
+    }
+}

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/DoubleDoubleHypotTests.cs

@@ -52,7 +52,6 @@ public class DoubleDoubleHypotTests
                     DoubleDouble result = DoubleDouble.Hypot(x, y);
                     AssertBound(x, y, result);
                     AssertBits(result, DoubleDouble.Hypot(-y, x));
-                    AssertBits(result, DDMath.Hypot(x, y));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -134,7 +133,6 @@ public class DoubleDoubleHypotTests
                     {
                         AssertBound(new DoubleDouble(x), new DoubleDouble(y), new DoubleDouble(z), result);
                     }
-                    AssertBits(result, DDMath.Hypot(new DoubleDouble(x), new DoubleDouble(y), new DoubleDouble(z)));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -186,7 +184,6 @@ public class DoubleDoubleHypotTests
                     AssertBound(x, y, z, result);
                     AssertBits(result, DoubleDouble.Hypot(-z, x, -y));
                     AssertBits(result, DoubleDouble.Hypot(y, -z, x));
-                    AssertBits(result, DDMath.Hypot(x, y, z));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -271,7 +268,6 @@ public class DoubleDoubleHypotTests
                     AssertBits(expected, DoubleDouble.Hypot(b, c, a));
                     AssertBits(expected, DoubleDouble.Hypot(c, a, b));
                     AssertBits(expected, DoubleDouble.Hypot(c, b, a));
-                    AssertBits(expected, DDMath.Hypot(a, b, c));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -294,7 +290,6 @@ public class DoubleDoubleHypotTests
                     AssertBound(first, second, result);
                 }
                 AssertBits(result, DoubleDouble.Hypot(second, first));
-                AssertBits(result, DDMath.Hypot(first, second));
             }
         }
     }

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/DoubleDoubleRootFunctionsTests.cs

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ namespace Just.PreciseMath.Tests;
 public class DoubleDoubleRootFunctionsTests
 {
     [Fact]
-    public void ExistingRootsAreAvailableOnTheTypeAndMatchFacadeBits()
+    public void RootsAreCanonicalAndSqrtMatchesGenericDispatchBits()
     {
         DoubleDouble[] values = [DoubleDouble.Zero, DoubleDouble.NegativeZero,
             DoubleDouble.NaN, DoubleDouble.PositiveInfinity, DoubleDouble.NegativeInfinity,
@@ -11,11 +11,16 @@ public class DoubleDoubleRootFunctionsTests
             DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, Math.ScaleB(1.0, -1000))];
         foreach (DoubleDouble value in values)
         {
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Sqrt(value), DoubleDouble.Sqrt(value));
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Sqrt(value), GenericSqrt(value));
-            AssertBits(DDMath.InvSqrt(value), DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(value));
+            DoubleDouble.IsCanonical(DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(value)).ShouldBeTrue();
         }
     }
 
+    private static T GenericSqrt<T>(T value) where T : IRootFunctions<T>
+    {
+        return T.Sqrt(value);
+    }
+
     private static void AssertBits(DoubleDouble expected, DoubleDouble actual)
     {
         BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.High).ShouldBe(BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(expected.High));

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/DoubleDoubleRootNTests.cs

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ public class DoubleDoubleRootNTests
         {
             AssertBits(value, DoubleDouble.RootN(value, 1));
             AssertBits(-value, DoubleDouble.RootN(-value, 1));
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Reciprocal(value), DoubleDouble.RootN(value, -1));
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Reciprocal(value), DoubleDouble.RootN(value, -1));
             AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Sqrt(value), DoubleDouble.RootN(value, 2));
             AssertBits(DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(value), DoubleDouble.RootN(value, -2));
             AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Cbrt(value), DoubleDouble.RootN(value, 3));
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ public class DoubleDoubleRootNTests
     }
 
     [Fact]
-    public void GenericContractAndFacadeDispatchToTypeMembers()
+    public void GenericContractDispatchesToTypeMembers()
     {
         DoubleDouble[] values = [DoubleDouble.Zero, DoubleDouble.NegativeZero, DoubleDouble.NaN,
             DoubleDouble.PositiveInfinity, DoubleDouble.NegativeInfinity, new(-2.0), new(double.Epsilon),
@@ -167,7 +167,6 @@ public class DoubleDoubleRootNTests
             {
                 DoubleDouble result = DoubleDouble.RootN(value, degree);
                 AssertBits(result, GenericRootN(value, degree));
-                AssertBits(result, DDMath.RootN(value, degree));
             }
         }
     }

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/PreciseMathExpTests.cs

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ public class PreciseMathExpTests
         // Inputs are exact stored binary64 sums, not rounded irrational constants.
         DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(high, low);
         (Units(input.High) + Units(input.Low)).ShouldBe(Units(high) + Units(low));
-        DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Exp(input);
+        DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Exp(input);
         DoubleDouble.IsCanonical(actual).ShouldBeTrue();
         if (overflow)
         {
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ public class PreciseMathExpTests
     {
         // Independently round Decimal.exp(exact binary64 input)/2^-1074 to an
         // integer at 180 digits. Pin more than the general one-subnormal bound.
-        DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Exp(new DoubleDouble(input));
+        DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Exp(new DoubleDouble(input));
         BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.High).ShouldBe(expectedBits);
         BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.Low).ShouldBe(0L);
     }
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ public class PreciseMathExpTests
     [InlineData(709.781)]
     public void LegacyFiniteResultsDoNotOverflowPrematurely(double input)
     {
-        DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Exp(new DoubleDouble(input));
+        DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Exp(new DoubleDouble(input));
         DoubleDouble.IsFinite(actual).ShouldBeTrue();
         actual.Low.ShouldNotBe(0.0);
         // Component-aware accuracy for these exact inputs is pinned by ReferenceCases.
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ public class PreciseMathExpTests
             double.MaxValue, double.MinValue];
         foreach (double input in inputs)
         {
-            DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Exp(new DoubleDouble(input));
+            DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Exp(new DoubleDouble(input));
             double expected = Math.Exp(input);
             BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.High).ShouldBe(
                 BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(double.IsNaN(expected) ? double.NaN : expected));

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/PreciseMathInvSqrtTests.cs

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ public class PreciseMathInvSqrtTests
     public void IrrationalInverseRootsRetainMoreThanBinary64Precision(double value)
     {
         DoubleDouble input = new(value);
-        DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.InvSqrt(input);
+        DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(input);
         actual.Low.ShouldNotBe(0.0);
         AssertInvSqrtBound(input, actual);
     }
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ public class PreciseMathInvSqrtTests
             double.NaN, -1.0, -double.Epsilon, double.MinValue];
         foreach (double value in values)
         {
-            DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.InvSqrt(new DoubleDouble(value));
+            DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(new DoubleDouble(value));
             // Binary64 is an independent oracle only for these special values.
             double expected = 1.0 / Math.Sqrt(value);
             BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.High).ShouldBe(
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ public class PreciseMathInvSqrtTests
         }
 
         DoubleDouble negative = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(-1.0, Math.ScaleB(1.0, -54));
-        DoubleDouble.IsNaN(DDMath.InvSqrt(negative)).ShouldBeTrue();
+        DoubleDouble.IsNaN(DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(negative)).ShouldBeTrue();
     }
 
     [Fact]
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public class PreciseMathInvSqrtTests
         // 1/sqrt(2^(2k)) = 2^-k exactly, including the minimum subnormal input.
         for (int exponent = -1074; exponent <= 1022; exponent += 2)
         {
-            DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.InvSqrt(new DoubleDouble(Math.ScaleB(1.0, exponent)));
+            DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(new DoubleDouble(Math.ScaleB(1.0, exponent)));
             actual.High.ShouldBe(Math.ScaleB(1.0, -(exponent / 2)));
             BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.Low).ShouldBe(0L);
         }
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ public class PreciseMathInvSqrtTests
         foreach (double low in new[] { Math.ScaleB(1.0, -54), -Math.ScaleB(1.0, -54) })
         {
             DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, low);
-            DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.InvSqrt(input);
+            DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(input);
             actual.High.ShouldBe(1.0);
             Math.Sign(actual.Low).ShouldBe(-Math.Sign(low));
             AssertInvSqrtBound(input, actual);
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public class PreciseMathInvSqrtTests
                 if (boundary > 0.0)
                 {
                     DoubleDouble input = new(boundary);
-                    AssertInvSqrtBound(input, DDMath.InvSqrt(input));
+                    AssertInvSqrtBound(input, DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(input));
                 }
             }
             foreach (double residual in new[] { 0.0, low, -low, double.Epsilon, -double.Epsilon })
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ public class PreciseMathInvSqrtTests
                 DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(high, residual);
                 if (input.High > 0.0)
                 {
-                    AssertInvSqrtBound(input, DDMath.InvSqrt(input));
+                    AssertInvSqrtBound(input, DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(input));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ public class PreciseMathInvSqrtTests
             DoubleDouble.FromComponents(0.0, double.Epsilon)];
         foreach (DoubleDouble input in boundaries)
         {
-            AssertInvSqrtBound(input, DDMath.InvSqrt(input));
+            AssertInvSqrtBound(input, DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(input));
         }
     }
 
@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ public class PreciseMathInvSqrtTests
                     DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(high, low);
                     if (DoubleDouble.IsFinite(input) && input.High > 0.0)
                     {
-                        AssertInvSqrtBound(input, DDMath.InvSqrt(input));
+                        AssertInvSqrtBound(input, DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(input));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ public class PreciseMathInvSqrtTests
             foreach (double sign in new[] { -1.0, 1.0 })
             {
                 double low = Math.ScaleB(sign, exponent);
-                DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.InvSqrt(DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, low));
+                DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.InvSqrt(DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, low));
                 actual.High.ShouldBe(1.0);
                 actual.Low.ShouldBe(Math.ScaleB(-sign, exponent - 1));
                 DoubleDouble.IsCanonical(actual).ShouldBeTrue();

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/PreciseMathLogTests.cs

@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ public class PreciseMathLogTests
         foreach (double value in values)
         {
             DoubleDouble expected = new(Math.Log(value));
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Log(new DoubleDouble(value)), expected.High, 0.0);
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Log(new DoubleDouble(value)), expected.High, 0.0);
         }
         DoubleDouble negative = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(-1.0, Math.ScaleB(1.0, -54));
-        AssertBits(DDMath.Log(negative), double.NaN, 0.0);
+        AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Log(negative), double.NaN, 0.0);
     }
 
     [Theory]
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ public class PreciseMathLogTests
         // 2200 digits and checked with Fraction. No binary64 log supplies the oracle.
         DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(high, low);
         (Units(input.High) + Units(input.Low)).ShouldBe(Units(high) + Units(low));
-        DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Log(input);
+        DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Log(input);
         AssertReferenceBound(actual, reference, 1, $"{label}: ({high:R}, {low:R})");
         if (input == DoubleDouble.One)
         {
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ public class PreciseMathLogTests
         for (int exponent = -1074; exponent <= 1023; ++exponent)
         {
             DoubleDouble input = new(Math.ScaleB(1.0, exponent));
-            AssertReferenceBound(DDMath.Log(input), LogReferenceData.Ln2, exponent, $"2^{exponent}");
+            AssertReferenceBound(DoubleDouble.Log(input), LogReferenceData.Ln2, exponent, $"2^{exponent}");
         }
     }
 
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public class PreciseMathLogTests
     {
         // The legacy Log(1e308) formed u+value and overflowed. The finite
         // kernel must reduce the mantissa before constructing its denominator.
-        DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Log(new DoubleDouble(input));
+        DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Log(new DoubleDouble(input));
         DoubleDouble.IsFinite(actual).ShouldBeTrue();
         actual.Low.ShouldNotBe(0.0);
         DoubleDouble.IsCanonical(actual).ShouldBeTrue();
@@ -75,12 +75,12 @@ public class PreciseMathLogTests
     {
         foreach (double sign in new[] { -1.0, 1.0 })
         {
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Log(DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, sign * double.Epsilon)),
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Log(DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, sign * double.Epsilon)),
                 sign * double.Epsilon, 0.0);
             double delta = sign * Math.ScaleB(1.0, -500);
             // ln(1+d) = d-d^2/2+O(d^3). Here the cubic tail is below half
             // the minimum subnormal, so these two binary components are exact.
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Log(DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, delta)),
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Log(DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, delta)),
                 delta, -Math.ScaleB(1.0, -1001));
         }
     }
@@ -89,8 +89,8 @@ public class PreciseMathLogTests
     public void ArbitraryPairsAreNormalizedByThePublicFactoryBeforeLog()
     {
         DoubleDouble positive = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(0.0, 2.0);
-        AssertReferenceBound(DDMath.Log(positive), LogReferenceData.Ln2, 1, "zero-high public construction");
+        AssertReferenceBound(DoubleDouble.Log(positive), LogReferenceData.Ln2, 1, "zero-high public construction");
-        AssertBits(DDMath.Log(DoubleDouble.FromComponents(0.0, -2.0)), double.NaN, 0.0);
+        AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Log(DoubleDouble.FromComponents(0.0, -2.0)), double.NaN, 0.0);
     }
 
     private static void AssertReferenceBound(DoubleDouble actual, string reference, int factor, string context)

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/PreciseMathPowTests.cs

@@ -6,17 +6,17 @@ public class PreciseMathPowTests
     public void NegativePowerDoesNotOverflowBeforeReciprocation()
     {
         // Legacy review: Pow(2, -1024) overflowed before taking the reciprocal.
-        DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(2.0), -1024);
+        DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(2.0), -1024);
         AssertBits(actual, Math.ScaleB(1.0, -1024), 0.0);
     }
 
     [Fact]
     public void MinimumIntegerExponentDoesNotOverflowItsMagnitude()
     {
-        AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(DoubleDouble.One, int.MinValue), 1.0, 0.0);
+        AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(DoubleDouble.One, int.MinValue), 1.0, 0.0);
-        AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(DoubleDouble.NegativeOne, int.MinValue), 1.0, 0.0);
+        AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(DoubleDouble.NegativeOne, int.MinValue), 1.0, 0.0);
-        AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(2.0), int.MinValue), 0.0, 0.0);
+        AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(2.0), int.MinValue), 0.0, 0.0);
-        AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(0.5), int.MinValue), double.PositiveInfinity, 0.0);
+        AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(0.5), int.MinValue), double.PositiveInfinity, 0.0);
     }
 
     [Fact]
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public class PreciseMathPowTests
         foreach (double sign in new[] { -1.0, 1.0 })
         {
             DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(sign * double.MaxValue, sign * double.Epsilon);
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(input, 1), input.High, input.Low);
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(input, 1), input.High, input.Low);
         }
     }
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ public class PreciseMathPowTests
                 // Every int converts exactly to double. BCL is an independent
                 // special-value/sign oracle, not the finite precision oracle.
                 double expected = Math.Pow(input, exponent);
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(input), exponent),
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(input), exponent),
                     double.IsNaN(expected) ? double.NaN : expected, 0.0);
             }
         }
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ public class PreciseMathPowTests
                 foreach (double sign in new[] { -1.0, 1.0 })
                 {
                     double expected = sign < 0.0 && (power & 1) != 0 ? -magnitude : magnitude;
-                    AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(sign * Math.ScaleB(1.0, inputExponent)), power),
+                    AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(sign * Math.ScaleB(1.0, inputExponent)), power),
                         expected, 0.0);
                 }
             }
@@ -118,13 +118,13 @@ public class PreciseMathPowTests
                 AssertExactPowerBound(input, -1);
                 if (scale == -500 || scale == 500)
                 {
-                    DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Pow(input, -2);
+                    DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Pow(input, -2);
                     actual.Low.ShouldNotBe(0.0);
                     AssertExactPowerBound(input, -2);
                 }
                 if (scale < 0)
                 {
-                    DDMath.Pow(input, -1).Low.ShouldNotBe(0.0);
+                    DoubleDouble.Pow(input, -1).Low.ShouldNotBe(0.0);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -141,11 +141,11 @@ public class PreciseMathPowTests
         foreach (double sign in new[] { -1.0, 1.0 })
         {
             DoubleDouble tiny = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(Math.ScaleB(1.0, -500), sign * double.Epsilon);
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(tiny, -1), Math.ScaleB(1.0, 500), -sign * Math.ScaleB(1.0, -74));
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(tiny, -1), Math.ScaleB(1.0, 500), -sign * Math.ScaleB(1.0, -74));
             DoubleDouble huge = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(Math.ScaleB(1.0, 500), sign * Math.ScaleB(1.0, -74));
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(huge, -1), Math.ScaleB(1.0, -500), -sign * double.Epsilon);
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(huge, -1), Math.ScaleB(1.0, -500), -sign * double.Epsilon);
             DoubleDouble tinySquare = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(Math.ScaleB(1.0, -250), sign * double.Epsilon);
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(tinySquare, -2), Math.ScaleB(1.0, 500), -sign * Math.ScaleB(1.0, -323));
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(tinySquare, -2), Math.ScaleB(1.0, 500), -sign * Math.ScaleB(1.0, -323));
         }
     }
 
@@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ public class PreciseMathPowTests
                 {
                     DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(sign * Math.ScaleB(1.0, scale),
                         sign * lowSign * Math.ScaleB(1.0, scale - 54));
-                    AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(input, exponent), sign * (aboveTie ? double.Epsilon : 0.0), 0.0);
+                    AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(input, exponent), sign * (aboveTie ? double.Epsilon : 0.0), 0.0);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ public class PreciseMathPowTests
             AssertExactPowerBound(finite, exponent);
             DoubleDouble overflowing = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(Math.ScaleB(1.0, scale),
                 lowSign * Math.ScaleB(1.0, scale - 57));
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(overflowing, exponent), double.PositiveInfinity, 0.0);
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(overflowing, exponent), double.PositiveInfinity, 0.0);
         }
     }
 
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ public class PreciseMathPowTests
         foreach (double sign in new[] { -1.0, 1.0 })
         {
             DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(sign * high, sign * low);
-            DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Pow(input, exponent);
+            DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Pow(input, exponent);
             actual.Low.ShouldNotBe(0.0);
             int resultSign = sign < 0.0 && (exponent & 1) != 0 ? -1 : 1;
             // Check both interval endpoints so the reference uncertainty is not
@@ -239,7 +239,7 @@ public class PreciseMathPowTests
         {
             (numerator, denominator) = (denominator * numerator.Sign, BigInteger.Abs(numerator));
         }
-        AssertRationalBound(DDMath.Pow(input, exponent), numerator, denominator, exponent,
+        AssertRationalBound(DoubleDouble.Pow(input, exponent), numerator, denominator, exponent,
             $"({input.High:R}, {input.Low:R})^{exponent}");
     }
 

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/PreciseMathRealPowSpecialTests.cs

@@ -10,10 +10,10 @@ public class PreciseMathRealPowSpecialTests
             DoubleDouble.FromComponents(double.MaxValue, double.Epsilon)];
         foreach (DoubleDouble value in values)
         {
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(value, 0.0), DoubleDouble.One);
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(value, 0.0), DoubleDouble.One);
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(value, new DoubleDouble(-0.0)), DoubleDouble.One);
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(value, new DoubleDouble(-0.0)), DoubleDouble.One);
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(value, 1.0), value);
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(value, 1.0), value);
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(value, DoubleDouble.One), value);
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(value, DoubleDouble.One), value);
         }
     }
 
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ public class PreciseMathRealPowSpecialTests
                     continue;
                 }
                 DoubleDouble input = new(value);
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(input, exponent), new DoubleDouble(expected));
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(input, exponent), new DoubleDouble(expected));
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(input, new DoubleDouble(exponent)), new DoubleDouble(expected));
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(input, new DoubleDouble(exponent)), new DoubleDouble(expected));
             }
         }
     }
@@ -53,27 +53,27 @@ public class PreciseMathRealPowSpecialTests
                 DoubleDouble odd = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(direction * high, 1.0);
                 DoubleDouble even = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(direction * high, 2.0);
                 DoubleDouble fractional = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(direction * high, 0.5);
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(DoubleDouble.NegativeOne, odd), DoubleDouble.NegativeOne);
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(DoubleDouble.NegativeOne, odd), DoubleDouble.NegativeOne);
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(DoubleDouble.NegativeOne, even), DoubleDouble.One);
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(DoubleDouble.NegativeOne, even), DoubleDouble.One);
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(DoubleDouble.NegativeOne, fractional), DoubleDouble.NaN);
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(DoubleDouble.NegativeOne, fractional), DoubleDouble.NaN);
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(-2.0), odd),
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(-2.0), odd),
                     new DoubleDouble(direction > 0.0 ? double.NegativeInfinity : -0.0));
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(-0.5), odd),
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(-0.5), odd),
                     new DoubleDouble(direction > 0.0 ? -0.0 : double.NegativeInfinity));
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(-2.0), even),
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(-2.0), even),
                     new DoubleDouble(direction > 0.0 ? double.PositiveInfinity : 0.0));
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(-0.0), odd),
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(-0.0), odd),
                     new DoubleDouble(direction > 0.0 ? -0.0 : double.NegativeInfinity));
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(double.NegativeInfinity), odd),
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(double.NegativeInfinity), odd),
                     new DoubleDouble(direction > 0.0 ? double.NegativeInfinity : -0.0));
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(-0.0), fractional),
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(-0.0), fractional),
                     new DoubleDouble(direction > 0.0 ? 0.0 : double.PositiveInfinity));
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(double.NegativeInfinity), fractional),
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(double.NegativeInfinity), fractional),
                     new DoubleDouble(direction > 0.0 ? double.PositiveInfinity : 0.0));
             }
         }
         DoubleDouble belowInteger = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(3.0, -double.Epsilon);
-        AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(-2.0), belowInteger), DoubleDouble.NaN);
+        AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(-2.0), belowInteger), DoubleDouble.NaN);
     }
 
     [Fact]
@@ -84,9 +84,9 @@ public class PreciseMathRealPowSpecialTests
             foreach (double sign in new[] { -1.0, 1.0 })
             {
                 DoubleDouble value = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(sign, sign * low);
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(value, double.PositiveInfinity),
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(value, double.PositiveInfinity),
                     new DoubleDouble(low > 0.0 ? double.PositiveInfinity : 0.0));
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(value, new DoubleDouble(double.NegativeInfinity)),
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(value, new DoubleDouble(double.NegativeInfinity)),
                     new DoubleDouble(low < 0.0 ? double.PositiveInfinity : 0.0));
             }
         }
@@ -102,11 +102,11 @@ public class PreciseMathRealPowSpecialTests
         {
             foreach (int exponent in exponents)
             {
-                DoubleDouble expected = DDMath.Pow(value, exponent);
+                DoubleDouble expected = DoubleDouble.Pow(value, exponent);
                 // Dispatch consistency, not an accuracy oracle: the integer suite
                 // separately checks these algorithms against independent references.
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(value, (double)exponent), expected);
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(value, (double)exponent), expected);
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(value, new DoubleDouble(exponent)), expected);
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(value, new DoubleDouble(exponent)), expected);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ public class PreciseMathRealPowSpecialTests
     {
         // Independently rounded sqrt(2) binary64 components; also used by the
         // constant-reference generator. Compare components, not high+low in double.
-        foreach (DoubleDouble actual in new[] { DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(2.0), 0.5),
+        foreach (DoubleDouble actual in new[] { DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(2.0), 0.5),
-            DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(2.0), new DoubleDouble(0.5)) })
+            DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(2.0), new DoubleDouble(0.5)) })
         {
             actual.High.ShouldBe(1.4142135623730951);
             Math.Abs(actual.Low - -9.667293313452913e-17).ShouldBeLessThan(Math.ScaleB(1.0, -90));
@@ -132,8 +132,8 @@ public class PreciseMathRealPowSpecialTests
     {
         // 4^-537.25 = 2^-1074.5 lies above the half-epsilon threshold;
         // 4^-537.75 = 2^-1075.5 lies below it. These are well separated from ties.
-        foreach (DoubleDouble actual in new[] { DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(4.0), exponent),
+        foreach (DoubleDouble actual in new[] { DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(4.0), exponent),
-            DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(4.0), new DoubleDouble(exponent)) })
+            DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(4.0), new DoubleDouble(exponent)) })
         {
             BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.High).ShouldBe(expectedBits);
             BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.Low).ShouldBe(0L);
@@ -149,8 +149,8 @@ public class PreciseMathRealPowSpecialTests
             {
                 bool grows = (value > 1.0) == (exponent > 0.0);
                 DoubleDouble expected = new(grows ? double.PositiveInfinity : 0.0);
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(value), exponent), expected);
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(value), exponent), expected);
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(value), new DoubleDouble(exponent)), expected);
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(value), new DoubleDouble(exponent)), expected);
             }
         }
     }

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/PreciseMathRealPowTests.cs

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public class PreciseMathRealPowTests
         (Units(input.High) + Units(input.Low)).ShouldBe(Units(high) + Units(low));
         BigInteger exponentUnits = Units(exponentHigh) + Units(scalar ? 0.0 : exponentLow);
         (Units(exponent.High) + Units(exponent.Low)).ShouldBe(exponentUnits);
-        DoubleDouble actual = scalar ? DDMath.Pow(input, exponentHigh) : DDMath.Pow(input, exponent);
+        DoubleDouble actual = scalar ? DoubleDouble.Pow(input, exponentHigh) : DoubleDouble.Pow(input, exponent);
         string context = $"{label}, scalar={scalar}: ({high:R}, {low:R})^({exponentHigh:R}, {exponentLow:R})";
         AssertReferenceBound(actual, reference, exponentUnits, context);
     }
@@ -36,9 +36,9 @@ public class PreciseMathRealPowTests
         // These references are exact rational identities. The general ln/exp
         // implementation is approximate, so do not require universal bit equality.
         string reference = expected.ToString("e17", CultureInfo.InvariantCulture);
-        AssertReferenceBound(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(input), exponent), reference,
+        AssertReferenceBound(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(input), exponent), reference,
             Units(exponent), "scalar exact binary reference");
-        AssertReferenceBound(DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(input), new DoubleDouble(exponent)), reference,
+        AssertReferenceBound(DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(input), new DoubleDouble(exponent)), reference,
             Units(exponent), "DD exact binary reference");
     }
 
@@ -55,17 +55,17 @@ public class PreciseMathRealPowTests
         {
             foreach (int exponent in new[] { -63, -7, -1, 0, 1, 7, 63 })
             {
-                DoubleDouble expected = DDMath.Pow(input, exponent);
+                DoubleDouble expected = DoubleDouble.Pow(input, exponent);
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(input, (double)exponent), expected);
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(input, (double)exponent), expected);
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(input, new DoubleDouble(exponent)), expected);
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(input, new DoubleDouble(exponent)), expected);
             }
         }
         foreach (int exponent in new[] { int.MinValue, int.MaxValue })
         {
             DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, Math.ScaleB(1.0, -54));
-            DoubleDouble expected = DDMath.Pow(input, exponent);
+            DoubleDouble expected = DoubleDouble.Pow(input, exponent);
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(input, (double)exponent), expected);
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(input, (double)exponent), expected);
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(input, new DoubleDouble(exponent)), expected);
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(input, new DoubleDouble(exponent)), expected);
         }
     }
 
@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ public class PreciseMathRealPowTests
             foreach (double low in new[] { double.Epsilon, -double.Epsilon })
             {
                 DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(high, low);
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(input, 1.0), input);
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(input, 1.0), input);
-                AssertBits(DDMath.Pow(input, DoubleDouble.One), input);
+                AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Pow(input, DoubleDouble.One), input);
             }
         }
     }

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/PreciseMathReciprocalTests.cs

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ public class PreciseMathReciprocalTests
         foreach (double low in new[] { 0.0, Math.ScaleB(1.0, -54), -Math.ScaleB(1.0, -54) })
         {
             DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(high, low);
-            DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Reciprocal(input);
+            DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Reciprocal(input);
             actual.Low.ShouldNotBe(0.0);
             AssertReciprocalBound(input, actual);
         }
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ public class PreciseMathReciprocalTests
             double.NaN, BitConverter.Int64BitsToDouble(0x7ff0000000000001L)];
         foreach (double value in values)
         {
-            DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Reciprocal(new DoubleDouble(value));
+            DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Reciprocal(new DoubleDouble(value));
             // Binary64 is an independent oracle for special values only.
             double expected = 1.0 / value;
             BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.High).ShouldBe(
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ public class PreciseMathReciprocalTests
         {
             foreach (double sign in new[] { -1.0, 1.0 })
             {
-                DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Reciprocal(new DoubleDouble(Math.ScaleB(sign, exponent)));
+                DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Reciprocal(new DoubleDouble(Math.ScaleB(sign, exponent)));
                 actual.High.ShouldBe(Math.ScaleB(sign, -exponent));
                 BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.Low).ShouldBe(0L);
                 DoubleDouble.IsCanonical(actual).ShouldBeTrue();
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ public class PreciseMathReciprocalTests
                 {
                     double low = Math.ScaleB(lowSign, exponent);
                     DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(sign, low);
-                    DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Reciprocal(input);
+                    DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Reciprocal(input);
                     actual.High.ShouldBe(sign);
                     actual.Low.ShouldBe(-low);
                     AssertReciprocalBound(input, actual);
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ public class PreciseMathReciprocalTests
     private static void AssertMatchesDivision(DoubleDouble input)
     {
         DoubleDouble expected = 1.0 / input;
-        DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Reciprocal(input);
+        DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Reciprocal(input);
         string context = $"Input: ({input.High:R}, {input.Low:R})";
         BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.High).ShouldBe(BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(expected.High), context);
         BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.Low).ShouldBe(BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(expected.Low), context);

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/PreciseMathSqrtTests.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ public class PreciseMathSqrtTests
     [InlineData(2.25, 1.5)]
     public void ExactBinarySquaresHaveExactRoots(double square, double root)
     {
-        DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Sqrt(new DoubleDouble(square));
+        DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Sqrt(new DoubleDouble(square));
         actual.High.ShouldBe(root);
         BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.Low).ShouldBe(0L);
     }
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ public class PreciseMathSqrtTests
         // sqrt(2^(2k)) = 2^k exactly, including the minimum subnormal input.
         for (int exponent = -1074; exponent <= 1022; exponent += 2)
         {
-            DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Sqrt(new DoubleDouble(Math.ScaleB(1.0, exponent)));
+            DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Sqrt(new DoubleDouble(Math.ScaleB(1.0, exponent)));
             actual.High.ShouldBe(Math.ScaleB(1.0, exponent / 2));
             BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.Low).ShouldBe(0L);
         }
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ public class PreciseMathSqrtTests
     public void IrrationalRootsRetainMoreThanBinary64Precision(double value)
     {
         DoubleDouble input = new(value);
-        DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Sqrt(input);
+        DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Sqrt(input);
         actual.Low.ShouldNotBe(0.0);
         AssertSqrtBound(input, actual);
     }
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ public class PreciseMathSqrtTests
         foreach (double low in new[] { Math.ScaleB(1.0, -54), -Math.ScaleB(1.0, -54) })
         {
             DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, low);
-            DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Sqrt(input);
+            DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Sqrt(input);
             actual.High.ShouldBe(1.0);
             (Math.Sign(actual.Low) == Math.Sign(low)).ShouldBeTrue();
             AssertSqrtBound(input, actual);
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ public class PreciseMathSqrtTests
             double.NaN, -1.0, -double.Epsilon, double.MinValue];
         foreach (double value in values)
         {
-            DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Sqrt(new DoubleDouble(value));
+            DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Sqrt(new DoubleDouble(value));
             double expected = Math.Sqrt(value);
             // Construction canonicalizes all NaNs to double.NaN, including
             // domain errors; zeros must instead be compared by their sign bits.
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ public class PreciseMathSqrtTests
         }
 
         DoubleDouble negative = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(-1.0, Math.ScaleB(1.0, -54));
-        DoubleDouble.IsNaN(DDMath.Sqrt(negative)).ShouldBeTrue();
+        DoubleDouble.IsNaN(DoubleDouble.Sqrt(negative)).ShouldBeTrue();
     }
 
     [Fact]
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public class PreciseMathSqrtTests
                 if (boundary > 0.0)
                 {
                     DoubleDouble input = new(boundary);
-                    AssertSqrtBound(input, DDMath.Sqrt(input));
+                    AssertSqrtBound(input, DoubleDouble.Sqrt(input));
                 }
             }
             foreach (double residual in new[] { 0.0, low, -low, double.Epsilon, -double.Epsilon })
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ public class PreciseMathSqrtTests
                 DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(high, residual);
                 if (input.High > 0.0)
                 {
-                    AssertSqrtBound(input, DDMath.Sqrt(input));
+                    AssertSqrtBound(input, DoubleDouble.Sqrt(input));
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ public class PreciseMathSqrtTests
             DoubleDouble.FromComponents(4.0, -Math.ScaleB(1.0, -52))];
         foreach (DoubleDouble input in boundaries)
         {
-            AssertSqrtBound(input, DDMath.Sqrt(input));
+            AssertSqrtBound(input, DoubleDouble.Sqrt(input));
         }
     }
 
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ public class PreciseMathSqrtTests
                     DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(Math.ScaleB(high, exponent), Math.ScaleB(low, exponent));
                     if (DoubleDouble.IsFinite(input) && input.High > 0.0)
                     {
-                        AssertSqrtBound(input, DDMath.Sqrt(input));
+                        AssertSqrtBound(input, DoubleDouble.Sqrt(input));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -156,9 +156,9 @@ public class PreciseMathSqrtTests
         foreach (double low in new[] { double.Epsilon, 1e-308, 2.0, double.MaxValue })
         {
             DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(0.0, low);
-            AssertSqrtBound(input, DDMath.Sqrt(input));
+            AssertSqrtBound(input, DoubleDouble.Sqrt(input));
         }
-        DoubleDouble.IsNaN(DDMath.Sqrt(DoubleDouble.FromComponents(0.0, -1.0))).ShouldBeTrue();
+        DoubleDouble.IsNaN(DoubleDouble.Sqrt(DoubleDouble.FromComponents(0.0, -1.0))).ShouldBeTrue();
     }
 
     [Fact]
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ public class PreciseMathSqrtTests
                     DoubleDouble input = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(high, low);
                     if (DoubleDouble.IsFinite(input) && input.High > 0.0)
                     {
-                        AssertSqrtBound(input, DDMath.Sqrt(input));
+                        AssertSqrtBound(input, DoubleDouble.Sqrt(input));
                     }
                 }
             }
@@ -194,7 +194,7 @@ public class PreciseMathSqrtTests
             foreach (double sign in new[] { -1.0, 1.0 })
             {
                 double low = Math.ScaleB(sign, exponent);
-                DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Sqrt(DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, low));
+                DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Sqrt(DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, low));
                 actual.High.ShouldBe(1.0);
                 actual.Low.ShouldBe(Math.ScaleB(sign, exponent - 1));
                 DoubleDouble.IsCanonical(actual).ShouldBeTrue();
@@ -358,9 +358,6 @@ public class PreciseMathSqrtTests
         DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Sqrt(input);
         actual.High.ShouldBe(high);
         BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.Low).ShouldBe(BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(low));
-        DoubleDouble facade = DDMath.Sqrt(input);
-        BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(facade.High).ShouldBe(BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.High));
-        BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(facade.Low).ShouldBe(BitConverter.DoubleToInt64Bits(actual.Low));
         AssertSqrtBound(input, actual);
     }
 

1-tests/Just.PreciseMath.Tests/PreciseMathTests.cs

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ public class PreciseMathTests
         foreach (double scalar in scalars)
         {
             // Binary64 is an independent reference when the input has no residual.
-            DoubleDouble actual = DDMath.Abs(new DoubleDouble(scalar));
+            DoubleDouble actual = DoubleDouble.Abs(new DoubleDouble(scalar));
             AssertBits(actual, double.IsNaN(scalar) ? double.NaN : Math.Abs(scalar), 0.0);
             DoubleDouble.IsCanonical(actual).ShouldBeTrue();
         }
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ public class PreciseMathTests
         {
             DoubleDouble positive = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(1.0, low);
             DoubleDouble negative = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(-1.0, -low);
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Abs(positive), 1.0, low);
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Abs(positive), 1.0, low);
-            AssertBits(DDMath.Abs(negative), 1.0, low);
+            AssertBits(DoubleDouble.Abs(negative), 1.0, low);
         }
     }
 

README.md

@@ -22,8 +22,11 @@ already-normalized results. Mathematical constants use precomputed high/low pair
 checked against independently computed high-precision values; accessing them does
 not perform double-double arithmetic or allocate on the heap.
 
-- Arithmetic: unary `+`/`-`, binary `+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, and both operand orders with
+- Arithmetic: static `Add`, `Subtract`, `Multiply`, and `Divide` methods accept
-  a `double`. Addition retains residuals under cancellation; multiplication uses
+  `DoubleDouble` pairs and both operand orders with a `double`. `Plus` and `Negate`
+  provide unary operations. The arithmetic operators (`+`, `-`, `*`, `/`, unary
+  `+`/`-`, and `++`/`--`) are thin wrappers around these methods.
+  Addition retains residuals under cancellation; multiplication uses
   fused multiply-add; division uses residual corrections. Mixed `double` operators
   use specialized scalar paths rather than promoting the scalar to `DoubleDouble`.
   Division retains the complete first remainder and applies two quotient corrections,
@@ -92,7 +95,7 @@ DoubleDouble quarterTurn = DoubleDouble.PiOver2;
 The factors avoid deriving constants at runtime; the multiplication itself remains
 approximate DD arithmetic, so conversions are not guaranteed exact round trips.
 The list is mathematical and dimensionless, not a table of unit-dependent physical
-constants. The natural logarithm function is provided separately by `DDMath.Log`.
+constants. The natural logarithm function is provided separately by `DoubleDouble.Log`.
 
 ## Mathematical functions
 
@@ -102,16 +105,40 @@ The additional `InvSqrt` helper and three-argument `Hypot` overload live alongsi
 them. Exponential functions live in `DoubleDouble.ExponentialFunctions.cs`:
 `Exp`, `Exp2`, `Exp10`, `ExpM1`, `Exp2M1`, and `Exp10M1` complete
 `IExponentialFunctions<DoubleDouble>`, including cancellation-safe overrides of
-the interface's default minus-one methods. `DDMath` exposes thin forwarding
+the interface's default minus-one methods. Natural logarithm and power kernels
-wrappers for roots and exponentials; logarithm, power, and reciprocal kernels
+live in `DoubleDouble.Log.cs` and `DoubleDouble.Pow.cs`; reciprocal lives in
-remain in `DDMath`.
+`DoubleDouble.NumberBase.cs`. Arithmetic implementations live in
+`DoubleDouble.Arithmetic.cs`, with forwarding operators in `DoubleDouble.Operators.cs`.
 
-The `DDMath` static class provides:
+All mathematical functions are static members of `DoubleDouble`. The former
+`DDMath` facade has been removed: migrate `DDMath.Function(...)` calls to
+`DoubleDouble.Function(...)`. This is a breaking API change; no compatibility
+facade is provided.
+
+`DoubleDoubleExtensions`, in the same `Just.PreciseMath` namespace, also provides
+instance-style calls for `Abs`, `Square`, `Reciprocal`, `Sqrt`, `InvSqrt`, `Cbrt`,
+all six exponential functions, `Log`, `RootN(int)`, and `Pow` with `int`, `double`,
+or `DoubleDouble` exponents. These extensions return a result without modifying
+the receiver and forward directly to the corresponding static method, preserving
+its numerical contract and component bits. Arithmetic remains available through
+operators and named static methods; `Hypot` remains a static multi-operand function.
+
+```csharp
+using Just.PreciseMath;
+
+DoubleDouble value = new(-4.0);
+DoubleDouble magnitude = value.Abs();
+DoubleDouble inverse = value.Abs().Square().Sqrt().Reciprocal();
+DoubleDouble power = magnitude.Pow(3);
+DoubleDouble root = magnitude.RootN(2);
+// value is still -4; inverse is 0.25.
+```
+
+`DoubleDouble` provides:
 
 - `Abs(DoubleDouble)`: preserves both components, maps either signed zero to
   positive zero and either infinity to positive infinity, and returns canonical NaN.
-  It shares the existing `DoubleDouble.Abs` implementation.
+- `Square(DoubleDouble)`: uses a specialized double-double squaring kernel.
-- `Square(DoubleDouble)`: forwards to the specialized `DoubleDouble.Square` kernel.
   It combines the equal cross terms with FMA, normalizes, then incorporates the
   low-component square without losing selected exactly representable tails.
   Either signed zero maps to positive zero, either infinity to positive infinity,
@@ -216,17 +243,17 @@ DoubleDouble cubeRoot = DoubleDouble.Cbrt(new DoubleDouble(-8.0));
 DoubleDouble distance = DoubleDouble.Hypot(new DoubleDouble(3.0), new DoubleDouble(4.0));
 DoubleDouble norm3D = DoubleDouble.Hypot(new DoubleDouble(2.0), new DoubleDouble(3.0), new DoubleDouble(6.0));
 DoubleDouble fifthRoot = DoubleDouble.RootN(new DoubleDouble(2.0), 5);
-DoubleDouble reciprocal = DDMath.Reciprocal(new DoubleDouble(3.0));
+DoubleDouble reciprocal = DoubleDouble.Reciprocal(new DoubleDouble(3.0));
-DoubleDouble magnitude = DDMath.Abs(-root);
+DoubleDouble magnitude = DoubleDouble.Abs(-root);
-DoubleDouble smallPower = DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(2.0), -1024);
+DoubleDouble smallPower = DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(2.0), -1024);
 DoubleDouble exponential = DoubleDouble.Exp(new DoubleDouble(1.0));
 DoubleDouble binaryPower = DoubleDouble.Exp2(new DoubleDouble(-1000.0));
 DoubleDouble decimalPower = DoubleDouble.Exp10(new DoubleDouble(0.5));
 DoubleDouble tinyChange = DoubleDouble.ExpM1(new DoubleDouble(1e-30));
-DoubleDouble logarithm = DDMath.Log(new DoubleDouble(10.0));
+DoubleDouble logarithm = DoubleDouble.Log(new DoubleDouble(10.0));
-DoubleDouble fractionalPower = DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(2.0), 0.5);
+DoubleDouble fractionalPower = DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(2.0), 0.5);
 DoubleDouble preciseExponent = DoubleDouble.FromComponents(0.5, 1e-30);
-DoubleDouble precisePower = DDMath.Pow(new DoubleDouble(2.0), preciseExponent);
+DoubleDouble precisePower = DoubleDouble.Pow(new DoubleDouble(2.0), preciseExponent);
 ```
 
 Reciprocal tests check bitwise equivalence with `1.0 / value` and independently
@@ -254,7 +281,7 @@ at 450 and 650 digits, including `int.MinValue` and `int.MaxValue`.
 `RootN(x, -1)` retains the reciprocal contract, including its subnormal error floor.
 Hypotenuse tests use exact squared inequalities with `2^-100` relative error plus
 one minimum binary64 subnormal. Tests also check exact binary cases, sparse lows,
-special-value signs, facade component-bit agreement, and constrained generic dispatch.
+special-value signs and constrained generic dispatch.
 The 2D and 3D hypotenuse overflow tests bracket the exact threshold, including scaled
 55/48/73 and 1/2/2/3 Pythagorean cases at the midpoint. Three-coordinate tests include
 all signs and permutations of boundary cases and sparse corrections, including
@@ -275,9 +302,9 @@ check `2^-100` relative error plus one minimum binary64 subnormal, with a separa
 bounded reference-rounding allowance. The base-two/base-ten and minus-one fixtures
 are checked at 450/650 digits, including adjacent lows at true range boundaries,
 series transitions, and tiny inputs. Additional component checks pin sparse
-base-two corrections; constrained generic calls and facade calls match direct
+base-two corrections; constrained generic calls match direct calls bit-for-bit.
-calls bit-for-bit. Integer-power tests use exact rational
+Integer-power tests use exact rational references and high-precision fixtures for
-references and high-precision fixtures for large exponents; their tested absolute
+large exponents; their tested absolute
 error bound is `|exact result| * (|exponent| + 1) * 2^-100 + 2^-1074`, not uniform
 relative accuracy independent of the exponent. These functions are approximate;
 precision decreases near underflow and approximation can affect results extremely
@@ -402,8 +429,8 @@ bool success = DoubleDouble.TryParse("1.25e-2".AsSpan(), CultureInfo.InvariantCu
 
 ## Deferred scope
 
-Natural `DDMath.Log`, the complete exponential family on `DoubleDouble`, and all
+Natural `DoubleDouble.Log`, the complete exponential family on `DoubleDouble`, and all
-three `DDMath.Pow` overloads are implemented.
+three `DoubleDouble.Pow` overloads are implemented.
 Logarithms in other bases, generic-math interfaces beyond `ISignedNumber`,
 `IFloatingPointConstants`, `IRootFunctions`, and `IExponentialFunctions`, additional text formats/shortest-
 round-trip formatting, and non-arithmetic performance benchmarks remain deferred.